What is a validator? Validation and delegation

A validator performs duties such as proposing blocks or voting on them under a network’s rules. In PoS networks, collateral helps determine participation and voting weight; selection and penalties vary by protocol.

A full node can independently check records. A validator also performs consensus duties. Running an ordinary Ethereum full node does not require an ETH deposit; solo validator activation has a minimum of 32 ETH under the official requirements.

Example: proposing and attesting

On Ethereum, a selected validator proposes a block while other assigned validators check records and cast the required votes. Merely holding ETH in a wallet does not perform those jobs. In a pooled service, the provider’s operators normally run the software.

On networks supporting delegation, assigning stake and operating infrastructure are separate activities. Signing keys, withdrawal authority and maintenance responsibilities cannot be inferred from a product name. Proof of stake describes the participation mechanism; validator describes a role within it.

Our PoW versus PoS comparison places the role alongside participation costs and finality conditions.